Reaction of Gidame Coffee Collections to Major Diseases

Ethiopia's largest export commodity is coffee arabica, one of the most significant goods that significantly contribute to the national economy. However, diseases including coffee berry wilt, coffee leaf rust, and coffee wilt significantly reduce its yield. In order to assess Gidame arabica accessions’ resistance to serious fungal infections, this study was started. Eight standard checks on 92 accessions were removed in field and greenhouse conditions. With a range of 0–51%, 4–36%, and 0–100% disease severity, respectively, the results showed a highly significant variation (p 0.001) among genotypes for coffee berry, coffee leaf rust, and coffee wilt diseases. Most of the accessions had sensitive reactions to CBD under Gera conditions, with the exception of the four G67/13, G71/13, G54/13, and G66/13. As well, more than 40 coffee accessions revealed a 10% CLR reactivity, but none of the accessions had resistance levels higher than the two checks (Challa and 8136) at either location. Additionally, Gera had much greater levels of CBD and CLR than Haru. In other words, only two accessions, G57 and G20, showed 100% CWD survival in greenhouse environments. This study showed how plant genetics and environmental variables affect the development of disease and demonstrated that Gidame coffee accessions responded differently to the major coffee diseases assessed in various geographical regions. Therefore, continual massive genotype screening across several locations in unfavorable conditions for disease development must be taken into account in every host-pathogen relationship in order to get resistance genotypes as the best disease treatment choice.