Histomorphological and Biochemical Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Monodora myristica Seed (African Nutmeg) on Some Liver Function Parameters Using Albino Wistar Rats

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Monodora myristica on the physiological status of the liver using albino Wistar rats as a model.

Study Design: This research was conducted at the Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; between May and October, 2014.

Methodology: Thirty six (36) albino Wistar rats weighing between 180 – 220 g were used in the study. They were grouped into 3 groups of 12 rats each (2 test groups and a control group). The animals were fed with standard feed and clean water. In addition, those of test groups 2 and 3 also received 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of M. myristica seed respectively on daily basis for twenty eight days (four weeks). After each week of administration, three rats from each group were sacrificed, blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of some liver function parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total protein and serum albumin). The liver of the animals were also examined for histological study.

Results: The results from the biochemical assay were subjected to statistical analysis and it showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ALT values, non significant increase in AST and ALP values, and a non significant effect on total serum protein and serum albumin. The histological study of the liver showed hepatocytes and periportal inflammations as well as cytoplasmic swelling, which are indications of alteration on the normal physiological status of the liver.

Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that the extract produced an adverse alteration in the normal histomorphology and biochemical make-up of the liver. Therefore, the plant should be used with caution, especially when used for medicinal purposes.